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The Heritability of Malocclusion: Part 2. The Influence of Genetics in Malocclusion

Dept. of Dental Health, Dundee Dental Hospital, Park Place, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK

The relative influence of genetics and environmental factors in the aetiology of malocclusion has been a matter for discussion, debate, and controversy in the orthodontic literature. This paper reviews the literature and summarises the evidence for the influence of genetics in dental anomalies and malocclusion. Among the conclusions are that, while phenotype is inevitably the result of both genetic and environmental factors, there is irrefutable evidence for a significant genetic influence in many dental and occlusal variables. The influence of genetics however varies according to the trait under consideration and in general remains poorly understood. More precise research tools and methods are required to improve knowledge and understanding, which in turn is a prerequisite to the appreciation of the potential for genetic an/or environmental manipulation in orthodontic therapy

Key words: Genetics, Malocclusion

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